Sɛnea Wɔde Resistive Fuel Sender bɛtoto Gauge anaa Controller ho

Biribiara nsɛe kar a ɛyɛ pɛ ntɛmntɛm sen pɛtro susuw a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ koraa. Wohyɛ tank no ma, dane safe no, na wohwɛ sɛnea ade no de atirimɔden tra ase wɔ zero so. Petrol a wɔde mena ne nea wɔde susuw nneɛma a ɛnyɛ pɛ no ma wɔkenkan nneɛma a ɛnteɛ, kar ahorow a ɛda hɔ, anaasɛ tiyɛ a ɛkɔ so hwehwɛ mu. Saa tebea a ɛyɛ abasamtu yi ba bere a anyinam ahoɔden a ɛko tia fi pɛtro dan no mu no nka kasa koro no ara a wo dashboard adwinnade no nka no.

Saa akwankyerɛ yi kyekyɛ sɛnea wobɛhunu wo hardware a ɛwɔ hɔ seesei, asusu sɛdeɛ ɛne ne ho hyia, na woapaw ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so asiesie nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ a ɛfiri mu ba. Wubetumi anya pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ a edi mũ denam tẽẽ a wobɛsesa, inline conversion, anaa software calibration so. Yɛbɛhwehwɛ sɛnea analog nhyehyɛe ahorow kyerɛ resistance sweeps ase pɛpɛɛpɛ ne nea enti a sɛ wonya saa match yi yiye a, esiw rework a ɛho ka yɛ den ano.

Adansifo, wɔn a wɔsan siesie, ne mfiridwumayɛfo a wɔresusuw sɛnea nneɛma a ɛwom no hyia ho ma kar, po so, anaa amanne kwan so adansi no behu ano aduru a wobetumi de adi dwuma wɔ ha. Wobɛsua nnwuma no gyinapɛn, sɔhwɛ nhyehyɛeɛ, ne nneyɛeɛ pa a ɛbɛma wo nhyehyɛeɛ no ayɛ nea wotumi de ho to so na ahotɔ wɔ mu.

Nneɛma Titiriw a Wɔde Fa Kɔ

• Ɛsɛ sɛ resistive fuel level sender ne gauge no ohm range a wɔhwehwɛ ne directional sweep (sɛ nhwɛso no, low-to-high vs. high-to-low) hyia.

• Wobetumi asiesie nneɛma a ɛnhyia denam nea ɔde kɔma no a wɔbɛsesa, gauge no a wɔbɛsesa, anaasɛ inline programmable signal converter a wɔde bɛhyɛ mu no so.

• Software-level calibration yɛ nea etu mpɔn kɛse ma nnɛyi dijitaal controllers nanso ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔsusuw mfiase pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ nea ɔde kɔmaa no tebea a ɛda mpan ne nea edi mũ a ɛko tia no ho.

Ka a Wɔbɔ wɔ Component Mismatch ho: Nea Enti a Ohm Ranges Ho Hia

Analog gauges kyerɛ anyinam ahoɔden a ɛko tia a egu ahorow ase kɔ baabi a wɔde ade di dwuma. Wubetumi asusuw petrol gauge a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so ho sɛ ohmmeter titiriw a wɔayɛ sɛ ɛbɛtra wo dashboard so. Wɔ gauge no mu no, magnetic coils anaa bimetallic strips yɛ wɔn ade wɔ anyinam ahoɔden a ɛfa mu no ho. Sender unit a ɛwɔ wo petrol tank mu no na ɛhwɛ saa current yi so. Bere a float arm no kɔ soro ne fam wɔ pɛtro no ani no, ɛpopa fa resistor board bi so. Saa honam fam kankyee yi sesa resistance value a wɔde kɔ gauge no so.

Sɛ nea ɔde kɔmaa no resistance sweep no ne gauge no factory calibration nhyia a, gauge no bɛkenkan akɔ akyi, peg atwam ayɛ ma anaasɛ ɛda mpan, anaasɛ ɛbɛkyerɛ dead short. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wode sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛko tia kɛse ma kɔ gauge mu a wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛko tia a ɛba fam bɛba a, ɛhyɛ ade no ma esie ne ho twa 'Full' agyiraehyɛde no ho. Sɛ wode pegged gauge ka kar a, ɛma wo instrument panel no yɛ nea mfaso nni so. Wohwere tumi a wode bɛhwɛ pɛtro a wode di dwuma no pɛpɛɛpɛ, na akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛma pɛtro sa wɔ ɔkwan no nkyɛn.

Sɛ wɔsesa pɛtro pɔmpɛ anaa nea ɔde kɔma a wonhwɛ sɛ gauge no hyia a, ɛtaa ma wɔtwe pɛtro dan no mprenu. Eyi gyina hɔ ma asiane a ne bo yɛ den na egye bere pii wɔ dwumadie mu. Sɛ wobɛtow pɛtro a emu yɛ duru agu a, ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wodi pɛtro nhama a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, nhama a wɔde si so a ayɛ mmerɛw, ne nsu a ɛyɛ hu ho dwuma. Saa adwuma yi a wobɛyɛ pɛnkoro no yɛ adwumaden. Sɛ wobɛyɛ no mprenu esiane sɛ wuhuruw multimeter sɔhwɛ titiriw bi nti no yɛ nneɛma a wɔsɛe no a ɛyɛ abasamtu.

Mfitiaseɛ a wɔde besi gyinaeɛ biara a ɛfa adetɔ anaa ɔhaw ano aduru ho hwehwɛ sɛ wɔkyerɛkyerɛ nsusuiɛ mmienu a ɛho hia mu. Nea edi kan no, ɛsɛ sɛ wosusuw resistance value no wɔ 'Empty.' Nea ɛto so abien no, ɛsɛ sɛ wosusuw resistance value no wɔ 'Full.' Sɛ data nsɛntitiriw abien yi nni hɔ a, wuntumi nhu nkitahodi a adi nkogu wɔ tank ne dash no ntam no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Saa anohyeto ahorow yi a wɔde besi hɔ no ma wonya fapem a wɔde bɛsɔ hardware a wɔde besi ananmu anaa software calibrations ahwɛ.

Mfomso ahorow a wɔtaa di wɔ saa ɔfã yi mu no bi ne sɛ wobesusuw sɛ afã horow a wɔtɔn akyi nyinaa de amansan gyinapɛn bi di dwuma. Amansan gyinapɛn biako biara nni hɔ a ɛfa ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri a wɔde pɛtro di dwuma ho. Ansa na wobɛtɔ nneɛma a wɔde besi ananmu no, ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ wo nhyehyɛe no ahwehwɛde pɔtee ho mfonini.

Nnwumayɛbea Gyinapɛn Ohm Ranges a Wɔbɛkyerɛ

Ansa na wobɛsesa afã horow no, hu gyinapɛn a wode reyɛ adwuma mprempren. No resistive fuel level sender gua no mu no, wɔakyekyɛ mu kɛse wɔ ɔmantam ne manufacturer gyinapɛn pɔtee bi mu. Mfiridwumayɛfo de saa akwan horow a ɛda nsow a ɛko tia nyarewa yi sii hɔ mfe du du a atwam ni, na ɛda so ara de ahyɛ mfiri a wɔde di dwuma dedaw mu nnɛ.

Wubehyia resistance sweeps atitiriw pii a egyina wo kar no mfiase ne bere a edii so. Amerikafo a wɔyɛ nneɛma no ani gyee nneɛma pɔtee bi ho, bere a Europa ne Asiafo a wɔyɛ nneɛma no faa metric ahorow a ɛsono emu biara koraa. Abakɔsɛm mu gyinapɛn ahorow yi a wunim no boa wo ma wotew wo haw ahorow ano aduru nhyehyɛe no so ntɛm ara.

• Standard American (Stewart Warner): 240 ohms (Ɛda mpan) kosi 33 ohms (Ɛyɛ ma). Ntease a wonya 240-33 ohm petrol sender compatibility ho hia ma classic Amerika ntini kar ne aftermarket gauges.

• Europa / Po so Gyinapɛn: 10 ohms (Empty) kosi 180 ohms (Full). Europa kar yɛfo ne po so ahyɛn pii de saa afiri a wɔde popa kar a ɛba fam kosi nea ɛko tia kɛse yi di dwuma.

• Asia / Aftermarket Gyinapɛn: 0 ohms (Ɛda mpan) kosi 190 ohms (Ayɛ ma). Paw a wɔpaw a 0-190 ohm petrol level sender abu so wɔ nnɛyi po ne amanne dwumadie mu.

• Ford / Chrysler (Ansa na 1989 reba): 73 ohms (Ɛda mpan) kosi 10 ohms (Ɛyɛ ma). Saa sweep a ɛkɔ soro kosi fam yi agye dimmɔne sɛ ɛde tiyɛ ba bere a restomod reyɛ no.

• GM (Ansa na 1965 reba): 0 ohms (Ɛda mpan) kosi 30 ohms (Ɛyɛ ma). General Motors kar ahorow a edi kan no de wɔn ho too saa mfɛnsere teateaa a ɛko tia yi so.

• GM (1965+): 0 ohms (Ɛda mpan) kosi 90 ohms (Ɛyɛ ma). GM trɛw resistance range mu wɔ 1960 mfe no mfinimfini maa gauge resolution a eye.

Nea ɛbɛyɛ na yɛaboa wo ma woahu nsonsonoe ahorow yi ntɛmntɛm no, yɛboaboaa nsɛm a ɛwɔ ase ha no ano.

Standard Fuel Sender Resistance Ranges a Ɔmantam ne Nea Ɔyɛ no te

Hyɛ sɛnea nhyehyɛe ahorow bi popa fi nea ɛko tia kɛse so kɔ nea ɛko tia a ɛba fam so bere a pɛtro hyɛ tank no ma no nsow. Afoforo nso yɛ nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira koraa. Sɛ wode sender a ɛkɔ soro kɔ fam frafra wɔ gauge a ɛba fam kɔ ​​soro so a, wo dashboard bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ tank no ayɛ ma bere a wusiw retu mmirika ankasa no.

Nhwehwɛmu Nhyehyɛe: Wo Nsiesiei Kwan a Wobɛpaw

Sɛ worehyia nea ɛnhyia a, hwehwɛ ano aduru akwan abiɛsa a ɛfata a egyina sikasɛm nhyehyɛe, adwumayɛfo, ne nhyehyɛe nhyehyɛe so. Ɔdan biara kura anohyeto soronko. Tete nneɛma a wɔasan asiesie no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔfa akwan horow so di ɔhaw ahorow ho dwuma sen nnɛyi mmirikatu kar a wɔyɛ. Yɛkyekyɛ ano aduru no mu yɛ no akwan abiɛsa a wɔahyehyɛ.

Ɔkwan 1: Nneɛma a Wɔde Sesa Tẽẽ (Hardware Match) .

Ɔkwan a ɛyɛ tẽẽ sen biara no fa honam fam sesa hardware ma enti afã abien no nyinaa kyɛ resistance gyinapɛn koro no ara. Wubetumi atɔ gauge foforo a wɔayɛ ama wo tank a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no anaasɛ wobɛtɔ sender foforo a wɔayɛ ama wo dashboard.

• Mfaso: Eyi ma wonya nsiesie a wotumi de ho to so sen biara. Wode huammɔdi a ɛba fam koraa si hɔ efisɛ wuyi ntamgyinafo ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri a ɛyɛ den fi hɔ. Analog nhyehyɛe ahorow fi awosu mu pɛ hardware matches tẽẽ.

• Nea enye wɔ ho: Ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nipadua mu adwumaden denneennen. Ɛsɛ sɛ woto tank no gu de sesa sender unit no anaasɛ wo sesa dash cluster no de sesa gauge no. Mpɛn pii no, tank ahorow a wɔayɛ no sɛnea wɔpɛ no nni amansan nyinaa mu flanges a wɔde besisi so, na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsesa wɔn a wɔde wɔn kɔ no honam fam.

Ɔkwan 2: Inline Signal Converters / Nkitahodi Modules

Sɛ wuntumi nsakra hardware no a, wubetumi asesa signal no mid-stream. Inline programmable signal converter te tank no ne dashboard no ntam. Ɛtwa resistance signal no, ɛsan bu ho akontaa, na ɛde resistance pɛpɛɛpɛ a wo gauge hwɛ kwan no ba.

• Mfaso: Eyi ma wutumi sie mfitiase OEM gauges bere a woreyɛ nnɛyi aftermarket pɛtro tank. Module ahorow a wotumi yɛ ho nhyehyɛe no dannan nsɛnkyerɛnne no ntɛm. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi adan 240-33 ohm sender ma ayɛ 0-90 ohm gauge a wɔmmɔ mmɔden biara.

• Nea enye wɔ ho: Ɛde ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri a ebetumi adi huammɔ ka ho. Saa modules yi hwehwɛ 12V ahoɔden a ɛho tew ne grounding a ahobammɔ wom kɛse na ama ayɛ adwuma. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a voltage spikes betumi asɛe wɔn programming.

Ɔkwan 3: ECU / Controller Software Nhwehwɛmu

Nnɛyi adan a wɔde Engine Control Units (ECU) a egyina hɔ ma ne dijitaal anaa dijitaal dash display ahorow di dwuma kɛse. Saa nhyehyɛe ahorow yi mfa wɔn ho nto analog hardware calibrations a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ so. Mmom no, wokyerɛkyerɛ parameters a ɛwɔ software interface no mu.

• Mfaso: Wohyia hardware ho ka a ɛnyɛ hwee. Saa kwan yi da adi sɛ ɛyɛ papa ma EFI nsakraeɛ a ɛretu mmirika nhyehyɛeɛ te sɛ Holley, Haltech, anaa HP Tuners. Wo kyerɛw Empty ne Full values ​​no gu scaling table mu kɛkɛ, na kɔmputa no di nea aka no ho dwuma.

• Cons: Ɛhwehwɛ katee sɛ dijitaal dash anaa ECU nhyehyɛe a ebetumi ayɛ custom sensor scaling. Amanne kwan so analog gauges ntumi nnya mfaso mfi saa software-level manipulation yi mu.

Nokwasɛm a Wɔde Di Dwuma: Asiane a Ɛwɔ Sɔhwɛ ne Grounding

Sɛ wɔanhyehyɛ no yiye a, nneɛma a ɛne ne ho hyia pɛpɛɛpɛ mpo bedi nkogu. Asase a mfomso wɔ so da so ara yɛ ade biako pɛ a ɛtaa nti a nea ɔde kɔma ne nea wɔde susuw nneɛma a ɛne ne ho hyia no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Asase a ɛsensɛn nsuo so de ahoɔden a wɔanhyɛ da ka ho wɔ anyinam ahoɔden kwan no ho, na ɛde afiri a ɛyɛ adwuma skewing gauge akenkan no kɔ 'high resistance' awiei wɔ sweep no mu. Sɛ wo nnade no huruw wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so bere a woabɔ akuturuku bi a, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wuhu amane wɔ asase a ɛyɛ hare anaasɛ asɛe ho.

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubesiw anyinam ahoɔden gremlins a ɛyɛ abasamtu yi ano no, ɛsɛ sɛ wudi sɔhwɛ nhyehyɛe a emu yɛ den akyi ansa na woawie instɔlehyɛn biara. Bench sɔhwɛ di nneɛma a ɛwom no akwahosan ho adanse a ɛnwea kar ase.

Sɔhwɛ Nhyehyɛe:

1. Twa sender wire no mu koraa fi gauge no ho na ama circuit no atew ne ho.

2. Fa dijitaal multimeter si hɔ na ama asusuw Ohms (Ω).

3. Fa multimeter probe biako to sender output terminal no so. Fa probe foforo no to chassis asase a wonim na ɛho tew so.

4. Honam fam popa float arm no nkakrankakra fi ase gyinabea (Empty) kosi soro gyinabea (Full). Sɛ wɔde unit no ahyɛ mu dedaw a, fa jerry can a wɔasusuw no hyɛ tank no mu nkakrankakra na fa nsa kyerɛw resistance curve no.

5. Hwɛ multimeter screen no so. Ɛsɛ sɛ resistance nɔma ahorow no roll kɔ soro anaa fam yiye. Sɛ wohuruw mpofirim kɔ zero (a awu tiawa) anaa infinity (a open circuit) a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ resistor board asɛe.

Wɔ anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma pɛpɛɛpɛ akyi no, ɛsɛ sɛ wode mfiri ahobammɔ di kan. Petrol nhyehyɛe ahorow yɛ adwuma wɔ mmeae a nsu a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛyɛ hyew kɛse ahyɛ mu ma. Hwɛ hu sɛ nkitahodi ahorow a ɛwɔ pɛtro dan no mu nyinaa de kar nkitahodi ahorow a wɔatoto mu a ogyaframa ntumi nkɔ mu bedi dwuma. Standard uninsulated crimp spades to nsa frɛ nsɛe na ɛde ogya ho asiane a emu yɛ den ba. Yɛhyɛ nyansa kɛse sɛ fa Weatherpack anaa Deutsch kwan so nkitahodi ahorow di dwuma. Saa nneɛma a wɔatoto mu yi ma nsu nkɔ mu, ɛma wonya awerɛhyem sɛ ɛbɛka n’awiei no denneennen, na ɛtew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ogyaframa a ɛyera wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn pɛtro a ɛyɛ hyew fibea ahorow no so tew.

Mfomso a wɔtaa di bere a wɔde redi dwuma no ne sɛ wɔde wɔn ho to petrol tank chassis straps so de si fam. Ɛnyɛ den sɛ nneɛma a wɔde yi nkannare ne rɔba fi mu no bɛsɛe ɔkwan yi. Bere nyinaa fa fam waya a wɔahyira so fi nea ɔde kɔma no flange no so tẽẽ kɔ baabi a ɛho tew na dade a ɛda hɔ kwa wɔ kar titiriw no chassis so.

Shortlisting Logic: Anamɔn a Edi Hɔ Ma Wo Si

Saa nimdeɛ yi a wode bedi dwuma no hwehwɛ sɛ wohwɛ sɛnea wo dwumadi no te mprempren. Ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so akɔ w’anim no gyina baabi a wugyina mprempren wɔ wo dansi nhyehyɛe no mu so koraa. Hwɛ anammɔn a edi hɔ a wobetumi de adi dwuma yi mu na woawie wo system architecture no.

Sɛ wowɔ tank a wɔayi afi mu a: Fa nsa susuw sender resistance no ansa na wode ahyɛ mu. Fa wo multimeter no kyerɛw Empty ne Full values ​​no bere a unit no te wo workbench so no. Sɛ wo si saa nɔma ahorow yi so dua wie a, fa wo gauge a woatɔ no hyia akenkan yi tẽẽ. Sɛ wode simma anum susuw tank a ɛda hɔ kwa a, ɛmma wɔmfa nnɔnhwerew pii nyɛ adwuma a wɔde hwehwɛ yare akyiri yi.

Sɛ worekora OEM gauge a ɛntaa nsi so a: Dashboard a wɔagye din a wobɛkora so no taa kyerɛ sɛ wobɛkora mfitiase nnwinnade so. Sɛ́ anka wobɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ wubenya classic sender unit a ɛne no hyia pɛpɛɛpɛ no, tɔ inline programmable signal converter. Nnɛyi tank ahorow a wɔde di gua akyi no de nneɛma ahorow a wɔde popa nneɛma a ɛko tia di dwuma di dwuma. Module a wotumi yɛ ho nhyehyɛe no yɛ nea ɛho ka sua na wotumi de ho to so kɛse sen sɛ wobɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛma mfiri a wɔde mena rheostat ayɛ nea ɛfata ma ɛne gauge a adi mfe 60 ahyia.

Sɛ woretu mmirika a egyina hɔ ma ECU: Nnɛyi ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri ma wotumi yɛ nsakrae koraa. Tɔ nea wɔde mena a wotumi de ho to so sen biara, a ɛnyɛ den sɛ wubenya fibea a ɛwɔ gua so nnɛ. Sweeps a wɔtaa yɛ te sɛ 0-90 anaa 240-33 da so ara yɛ mmerɛw a ɛyɛ nwonwa sɛ wobehu. Fa hardware a ɛyɛ den no hyɛ mu, boot up wo tuning laptop, na map voltage/ohm curve no tẽẽ wɔ calibration software no mu. Eyi twa analog anohyeto ahorow ho hyia koraa na ɛma pinpoint pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ.

Awie

Sɛ wɔde pɛtro a ɔde kɔma no ne gauge bi atoto ho a, ɛnyɛ agoru a wɔde susuw nneɛma ho; ɛyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a ɛyɛ tẽẽ a wɔde hu anohyeto ahorow a wɔde ko tia ne akwankyerɛ a wɔde popa nneɛma. Ɛdenam wo ohm gyinapɛn ahorow a ɛda mpan ne nea ɛyɛ ma pɛpɛɛpɛ a wobɛyɛ so no, wuyi nsusuwii a ɛde dashes a awuwu ne kar ahorow a akɔhyɛ mu ba no fi hɔ.

Ɛsɛ sɛ wode hardware matching tẽẽ di kan wɔ baabi a ɛbɛyɛ yiye, na woma analog circuits yɛ mmerɛw sɛnea wubetumi. Nanso, sɛ ɛho hia denneennen sɛ wobɛkora dashboard hardware a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw so a, fa inline signal converters a wotumi de ho to so anaa ECU mapping nnwinnade di dwuma de siw nkitahodi mu nsonsonoe no ano.

Bere nyinaa fa dijitaal multimeter sɔ wo nneɛma no hwɛ wɔ benkyi no so ansa na woayɛ instɔlehyɛn a etwa to no. Sɛ wosi so dua sɛ resistance sweeps a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ kar no akyi a, ɛbɔ wo bere ne wo sikasɛm ho ban. Awiei koraa no, fa chassis asase a ɛho tew na wɔahyira so ne anyinam ahoɔden nkitahodi ahorow a wɔatoto mu di kan na ama woahwɛ ahu sɛ wo nhyehyɛe a ɛne no hyia pɛpɛɛpɛ no bɛkɔ so ayɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ mfe pii a ɛreba no.

FAQ

Asɛmmisa: So metumi de pɛtro a wɔde mena biara adi dwuma ne me aftermarket gauge?

A: Dabi Ɛsɛ sɛ nea ɔde soma no resistance range (sɛ nhwɛso no, 240-33 ohms) ne gauge no programed range no hyia pefee. Nneɛma a ɛnhyia de nsɛm a ɛnteɛ a emu yɛ den ba. Sɛ wuntumi nhyia hardware no tẽẽ a, ɛsɛ sɛ wode inline programmable converter hyehyɛ mu na ama woakyerɛ sɛnkyerɛnne no ase.

Asɛmmisa: Dɛn nti na me petrol gauge no rekenkan akɔ akyi?

A: Ɛda adi sɛ wowɔ reversed sweep compatibility asɛm bi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia wode 0-90 ohm gauge a ɛwɔ 90-0 ohm sender redi dwuma. Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔsesa honam fam nneɛma no biako anaasɛ wode reversing interface module hyehyɛ mu de siesie nea efi mu ba no.

Asɛmmisa: Mɛyɛ dɛn asɔ ahwɛ sɛ me resistive fuel level sender no asɛe anaa?

A: Yi nea ɔde kɔma no na fa multimeter a wɔde ahyɛ Ohms so wɔ signal ne asase so terminals no so. Fa brɛoo fa float abasa no kɔ baabiara. Ɛsɛ sɛ nea ɛko tia no sesa ntɛmntɛm. Sɛ akenkan no kɔ fam kodu zero (tiawa) anaa infinite (open circuit) mfinimfini sweep a, emu board no asɛe.

Asɛmmisa: So mihia obi a ɔde nneɛma kɔma titiriw ma EFI nsakrae?

A: Ɛnyɛ nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa. Wobetumi afa software so ayɛ ECU dodow no ara a egyina hɔ ma no calibrated de akenkan standard resistive sweep biara. Bere tenten a wunim Empty ne Full ohm values ​​pɔtee a ɛwɔ wo unit a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no mu no, wubetumi ayɛ ECU no nhyehyɛe ma akenkan no pɛpɛɛpɛ.