Mu nganda zigezweho, sisitemu yimodoka, hamwe nibisabwa murugo, kugenzura urwego rwamazi ningirakamaro kumutekano wibikorwa, gukora neza, no gukora neza. Babiri mubikoresho bikoreshwa cyane kubwiyi ntego ni urwego rwohinduranya no kohereza urwego. Mugihe byombi byashizweho kugirango bipime kandi bikurikirane urwego rwamazi cyangwa rukomeye, rukora intego zitandukanye kandi rukora muburyo butandukanye. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati yubwoko bubiri bwibikoresho ningirakamaro kubashakashatsi, abakora, hamwe nabashushanya sisitemu kugirango bahitemo igisubizo kiboneye kubyo bakeneye.
A. urwego ruhinduranya cyane cyane igikoresho-urwego rwo gutahura rukurura igikorwa, nko guhinduranya pompe cyangwa kuzimya, gufungura cyangwa gufunga valve, cyangwa gukora induru mugihe urwego runaka rwamazi cyangwa rukomeye rugeze. Ibinyuranyo, urwego rwohereza urwego rutanga igenzura rihoraho ryurwego rwamazi kandi rusohora ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bya sisitemu kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura byikora kugirango bipime neza kandi bicunge neza.
Muri iyi ngingo, tuzasesengura ibisobanuro, amahame yakazi, porogaramu, ibyiza, nibitandukaniro byingenzi hagati yurwego rwohinduranya no kohereza urwego. Tuzatanga kandi ubuyobozi kubijyanye no guhitamo igikoresho gikwiye cyinganda, amamodoka, hamwe nibisabwa murugo.
1. Gusobanukirwa Guhindura Urwego
Urwego rwohinduranya ni igikoresho cyagenewe kumenya ahari cyangwa kutabaho kw'amazi cyangwa gukomera ahantu runaka muri kontineri kandi bigatanga discret on / off signal. Urwego rwohinduranya rukoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye kubera ubworoherane, kwiringirwa, hamwe nigiciro-cyiza.
1.1 Ibisobanuro n'intego
Intego yibanze yo guhinduranya urwego ni ugukurikirana ibintu byihariye byamazi cyangwa bikomeye kandi bigatera igikorwa cyo kugenzura. Ibi birashobora kubamo gukora pompe, gufunga valve, cyangwa gutangiza impuruza mugihe ibikoresho bigeze byibuze cyangwa ntarengwa.
Bitandukanye nibikoresho bikomeza gupimwa, urwego ruhindura gusa rumenya urwego runaka cyangwa 'gushiraho ingingo, ' bigatuma biba byiza mubisabwa aho gupima neza bidakomeye ariko umutekano cyangwa kugenzura imikorere ni ngombwa.
1.2 Uburyo Urwego rwohindura rukora
Urwego rwohindura urwego rushobora gukora ukoresheje amahame atandukanye bitewe na porogaramu:
Urwego Rureremba : Koresha ikintu kireremba kizamuka cyangwa kigwa nurwego rwamazi, muburyo bwogukoresha uburyo bwo guhinduranya mugihe ingingo yashyizweho igeze.
Urwego rwa Capacitive Urwego : Menya impinduka mubushobozi buterwa no kuba hari ibintu byamazi cyangwa bikomeye.
Urwego rwa Optical Urwego : Koresha urumuri cyangwa urumuri kugirango umenye ahari amazi.
Kunyeganyeza Urwego Guhindura : Menya ibintu bikomeye cyangwa amazi ya viscous ashingiye kumihindagurikire yinyeganyeza.
Ikintu cyingenzi kiranga urwego rwose rwahinduwe ni uko batanga ibisohoka bisobanutse, akenshi muburyo bwikimenyetso cyoroshye ON / OFF, byerekana niba amazi cyangwa bikomeye bigeze kurwego rwateganijwe.
2. Gusobanukirwa Urwego rwohereza
Mugihe urwego rwohinduranya rwerekana ingingo zihariye, urwego rwohereza urwego rutanga igipimo gihoraho cyamazi cyangwa urwego rukomeye mubikoresho. Urwego rwohereza urwego ningirakamaro kuri porogaramu zisaba gukurikirana neza, kwinjiza amakuru, cyangwa guhuza na sisitemu yo kugenzura byikora.
2.1 Ibisobanuro n'intego
Urwego rwohereza ubutumwa rwashizweho kugirango rupime urwego ubudahwema kandi rusohokane igereranya cyangwa ibimenyetso bya digitale, byemerera abakoresha na sisitemu gukurikirana urwego nyarwo igihe icyo aricyo cyose. Ibi bituma urwego rwohereza ibintu byingenzi mugucunga inzira, gucunga ibarura, no guhuza sisitemu yikora.
2.2 Uburyo Urwego rwohereza Urwego rukora
Urwego rwohereza urwego rushobora gukora ukoresheje amahame menshi bitewe nibisabwa byo gupimwa:
Urwego rwohereza Radar : Koresha ibimenyetso bya microwave radar kugirango umenye urwego rwamazi ukurikije igihe cyo guhaguruka.
Ultrasonic Urwego rwohereza : Koresha ultrasonic waves kugirango upime intera kuva sensor kugera hejuru y'amazi.
Imiyoboro ishingiye ku muvuduko : Gupima umuvuduko wa hydrostatike munsi yikigega kugirango ubare urwego rwamazi.
Umuyoboro wa Radiyo ufite ubushobozi kandi uyobora : Menya urwego rushingiye kumihindagurikire yubushobozi cyangwa ibimenyetso bya radar.
Bitandukanye nu guhinduranya urwego, kohereza urwego rutanga umusaruro uhoraho, akenshi nkikimenyetso cya mA 4-20 cyangwa itumanaho rya digitale nka HART, Profibus, cyangwa Modbus, bishobora gukoreshwa muri sisitemu yo kugenzura byikora, kugenzura amakuru, no gusesengura inzira.
3. Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati yurwego rwohinduranya no kurwego rwohereza
Nubwo ibyiciro byombi byahinduwe hamwe nogukwirakwiza urwego bikoreshwa mugukurikirana urwego rwamazi cyangwa rukomeye, rukora intego zitandukanye kandi rukora muburyo butandukanye. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro nibyingenzi muguhitamo igikoresho gikwiye kuri porogaramu runaka, kwemeza umutekano wibikorwa, gukora neza, no kwizerwa.
3.1 Ibisohoka
Ikiranga |
Urwego |
Urwego rwohereza |
Ubwoko bw'ikimenyetso |
Discret (ON / OFF) |
Gukomeza (Analog / Digital) |
Igikorwa cyo kugenzura |
Imbarutso yo gutabaza, pompe, indangagaciro |
Itanga amakuru yukuri yo gupima |
Kwishyira hamwe na PLC |
Ntarengwa |
Byoroshye guhuzwa na sisitemu yo kugenzura |
Urwego rwohindura urwego rutanga ibimenyetso byihariye, bivuze ko byerekana gusa niba amazi cyangwa bikomeye bigeze ahantu runaka. Iki kimenyetso ON / OFF kirahagije kugirango utere pompe, indangagaciro, cyangwa impuruza, bituma biba byiza kubikorwa byumutekano no kwikora byoroheje.
Urwego rwohereza urwego, rutandukanye, rutanga ibimenyetso bikomeza bisohoka, byagereranywa (urugero, 4-20 mA) cyangwa imibare (urugero, HART, Modbus), itanga ibipimo nyabyo, nyabyo-byapimwe byamazi cyangwa urwego rukomeye. Aya makuru ahoraho arashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere ibikorwa bigezweho, kugenzura ibarura, cyangwa guhuza na sisitemu zikoresha kugirango zisesengure birambuye.
3.2 Ubwoko bwo gupima
Urwego rwahinduwe rwashizweho kugirango ingingo-urwego rumenye, bivuze ko bakurikirana gusa niba hari urwego runaka rwageze - byibuze, ntarengwa, cyangwa ingingo yihariye. Ntabwo batanga amakuru kubyerekeye urwego hagati yizi ngingo zashyizweho.
Urwego rwohereza urwego, kurundi ruhande, rutanga urwego ruhoraho rwo gupima, guha abashoramari cyangwa sisitemu ikora ishusho yuzuye yamazi cyangwa ingano ikomeye mugihe icyo aricyo cyose. Ibi bituma habaho gucunga neza inzira no gufata ibyemezo bishingiye kumibare nyayo-nyayo.
3.3
Urwego rwohinduranya rukoreshwa cyane mumutekano no kurinda, harimo kwirinda kurengerwa, kurinda kwiruka byumye, cyangwa kumenyesha urwego rwo hasi. Zikoreshwa kandi muburyo bworoshye bwo gutangiza aho bisabwa gusa kugenzura ON / OFF.
Urwego rwohereza urwego rukoreshwa mubikorwa byinshi bigoye, nko kugenzura inzira, gucunga ibarura, hamwe na sisitemu isaba gukurikirana buri gihe. Nibyingenzi mugihe gikwiye, gufata amakuru, hamwe no guhuza sisitemu birakenewe kugirango ukomeze gukora neza no kwizerwa.
3.4 Ingorabahizi nigiciro
Urwego rwohereza urwego muri rusange ruraruhije kandi ruhenze bitewe nubushobozi bwarwo bwo gupima, uburyo bwo gutumanaho buhanitse, hamwe nibisobanuro bihanitse. Ibinyuranye, guhinduranya urwego biroroshye, byoroshye gushiraho no kubungabunga, kandi birahenze cyane, bituma biba byiza mubisabwa aho bikenewe gusa kugenzura cyangwa kurinda umutekano gusa.
4. Igihe cyo Gukoresha Urwego Guhindura Urwego rwohereza
Guhitamo hagati yurwego rwohinduranya no kohereza urwego biterwa nibisabwa byihariye bya porogaramu.
4.1 Umutekano no Kurinda
Kuri porogaramu aho intego yibanze ari ukurinda kurengerwa, gukama kwumye, cyangwa sisitemu yangiritse, urwego rwohindura ni rwiza. Ikimenyetso cyacyo ON / OFF kirahagije kugirango ukore pompe, valve, cyangwa impuruza.
4.2 Kugenzura inzira no gukurikirana
Iyo ibipimo byuzuye byamazi, kugenzura bihoraho, no guhuza hamwe na sisitemu zikoresha zisabwa, urwego rwohereza urwego nirwo rwatoranijwe. Iyemerera abakoresha gukurikirana urwego nyarwo, guhindura imikorere, no gukusanya amakuru yo gusesengura.
4.3 Amabwiriza yo Guhitamo
Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma birimo:
Ubwoko bwamazi : Imyitwarire, ibora, ibishishwa, cyangwa ibice.
Uburebure bwa Tank : Ibigega birebire birashobora gusaba ubwoko bwihererekanyabubasha kugirango bibe byuzuye.
Ibipimo Byukuri : Kugaragaza ingingo hamwe no gupima guhoraho.
Ibisabwa Kwishyira hamwe : Birakenewe kugenzura byikora no kwinjiza amakuru.
5. Ibyiza byo Guhindura Urwego
Urwego rwohindura rutanga inyungu nyinshi, cyane cyane muburyo bworoshye, kwiringirwa, no gukoresha neza.
5.1 Umutekano no kwizerwa
Urwego rwohindura urwego rutanga ingingo yizewe yo kurwego rwo kumenya, kwemeza ko pompe na valve bikora mumipaka itekanye, birinda kwangirika kwibikoresho no kunanirwa kwa sisitemu.
5.2 Kuborohereza Kwubaka no Kubungabunga
Ibi bikoresho muri rusange biroroshye, bisaba insinga ntoya, kandi byoroshye kuyishyiraho. Kubungabunga biroroshye, bituma bikwiranye nibidukikije aho kwitabwaho kenshi bidashoboka.
5.3
Urwego rwohindura urwego ruhenze kuruta ibikoresho bikomeza gupimwa, bitanga igisubizo gifatika cyo gukurikirana no gukenera ibikenewe bitabangamiye umutekano.
6. Ibyiza byohereza urwego
Urwego rwohereza urwego rutanga ibisobanuro, guhoraho, no guhuza hamwe na sisitemu igezweho igezweho, bigatuma iba ingenzi mubikorwa byiterambere.
6.1 Ibipimo bikomeza
Batanga igihe-nyacyo cyamazi cyangwa urwego rukomeye, rwemerera abashinzwe gukurikirana imigendekere, kumenya ibintu bidasanzwe, no gusubiza vuba impinduka.
6.2 Kwikora no Kwishyira hamwe
Urwego rwohereza urwego rushobora guhuzwa na PLC, sisitemu ya SCADA, cyangwa ibisubizo bya kure byo kugenzura, bigafasha kugenzura byimazeyo no gucunga neza inzira.
6.3 Ukuri kwinshi kandi guhinduka
Urwego rwohereza urwego rutanga ibipimo nyabyo mubihe bitandukanye kandi birashobora guhuzwa namazi atandukanye, ingano ya tank, cyangwa ibidukikije, bitanga ibisubizo bitandukanye kubikorwa bigoye.
7. Umwanzuro
Muncamake, urwego rwohindura ni rwiza mugushakisha ingingo-urwego, rutanga ibimenyetso byoroheje ON / OFF byerekana umutekano no kurinda ibikoresho, mugihe urwego rwohereza urwego rutanga ibipimo bihoraho hamwe nibisohoka cyangwa bisohoka muburyo bwa digitale, bigafasha kugenzura neza, kugenzura inzira, no guhuza na sisitemu zikoresha. Guhitamo igikoresho gikwiye biterwa na porogaramu yawe yihariye, ibisabwa neza, hamwe na sisitemu ikenewe.
Ku ngamba zizewe z'umutekano, urwego rwohindura rutanga ibisubizo byiza, bidahenze. Kugirango ukurikirane neza kandi utezimbere ibikorwa bigezweho, urwego rwohereza amakuru rutanga ibisobanuro bihanitse kandi byuzuye. Kubashakashatsi, abakoresha, hamwe nabashushanya sisitemu bashaka ubuyobozi bwinzobere, ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge, cyangwa ibisubizo byabugenewe, Bluefin Sensor Technologies Limited bitanga ibintu byinshi byizewe byerekana ibikoresho byamazi. Itsinda ryabo rirashobora gufasha kumenya urwego rukwiye rwoguhindura cyangwa kohereza kubisabwa kugirango ukore, ukore neza, umutekano, nibikorwa neza muruganda, ibinyabiziga, hamwe nibisabwa murugo.
8. Ibibazo
Urwego rwohindura rushobora gusimbuza urwego rwohereza?
Oya. Guhindura urwego nibyiza kubintu byoroshye-urwego rwo kumenya ariko ntibishobora gutanga amakuru ahoraho.
Urwego rwohereza urwego rutanga imirimo yumutekano?
Barashobora, ariko intego yabo nyamukuru ni ugukurikirana buri gihe; izindi mpuruza zirashobora gukenerwa.
Ninde uhenze cyane?
Urwego rwohinduranya muri rusange ntabwo ruhenze kandi byoroshye kubungabunga, bikwiranye nibikorwa byibanze.
Ibikoresho byombi birashobora gukoreshwa hamwe?
Yego. Muri sisitemu igoye, urwego rwohindura rushobora gutanga umutekano, mugihe urwego rwohereza urwego rukurikirana neza.
Nigute ushobora guhitamo hagati yo guhinduranya urwego no kohereza urwego?
Reba ubwoko bwamazi, ibisabwa neza, ibidukikije byo kwishyiriraho, kandi niba kumenya ingingo cyangwa gupima guhoraho bikenewe.
