Ukutholwa kwezinga likaketshezi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi—kusuka emathangeni kaphethiloli ezimoto kuya emikhunjini yezinqubo zezimboni kuya kumadamu asebenza ekhaya. Lapho idivayisi efana a ukushintshwa kwezinga kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi ithangi ligcwele noma alinalutho, ungalindela ukuthi leyo swishi inembe kangakanani? Lowo ngumbuzo owumongo esiwuhlolayo kulesi sihloko: Anembe kangakanani amaleveli amaswishi?
Sizofaka ukuthi 'ukunemba' kusho ukuthini ukushintsha ileveli, sihlole ubuchwepheshe nezinhlobo zamaswishi zeleveli nokuthi ukunemba kwehluka kanjani phakathi kwazo, sihlole izici ezibalulekile ezithinta ukunemba, sibuyekeze izimfuno zokunemba okuqondene nohlelo lokusebenza, futhi sinikeze amathiphu asebenzayo okukhulisa ukunemba kusistimu yakho. Ekugcineni uzoba nokuqonda okucacile kokuthi yini ongayilindela lapho ukhetha iswishi yeleveli—nokuthi ungaqiniseka kanjani ukuthi isebenza njengoba kudingeka.
1. Ukuqonda Ukunemba Kokushintsha Kwezinga
1.1 Kusho Ukuthini Ukunemba Ngokushintshwa Kwezinga
Uma sikhuluma ngokunemba kweswishi yeleveli, sibhekise ekutheni idivayisi ithola ngokuthembekile kangakanani i(ama)phoyinti bese ikhipha isignali elungile uma uketshezi (noma into) ifinyelela kulelo phuzu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izici ezimbalwa:
Ukuphindaphinda - ukuthi amaphuzu okuqalisa alandelana eduze kangakanani ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo.
Ukubekezelelana / ukuchezuka – ukuthi kukude kangakanani nendawo okusethiwe ukwenza kusebenze kwangempela kwenzeka.
I-Hysteresis – umehluko phakathi kokwenza kusebenze (izinga elikhuphukayo) nokuvala (izinga eliwayo), okungase kuthinte ukunemba okusebenzayo.
Isikhathi sokuphendula nokunemba komkhawulo - ikakhulukazi kumasistimu azenzakalelayo lapho isikhathi sibalulekile.
Kumaswishi amaningi eleveli yamaphoyinti, idivayisi idinga kuphela ukuthola umkhawulo (UKUVULIWE/KUVALIWE) kunokulinganisa ngokuqhubekayo—kodwa nakulowo msebenzi, ukunemba kubalulekile. Kumasistimu athuthuke kakhulu lapho kudingeka khona ama-threshold amaningi noma ukutholwa kweleveli eseduze nokuqhubekayo, izimfuneko zokunemba ziphezulu.
1.2 Kungani Kubalulekile Ukunemba?
Ukunemba kokushintshwa kwezinga akukona nje ukukhathazeka kwezemfundo—kunemiphumela yangempela:
Ezinhlelweni ezibucayi zokuphepha, ukushintshwa kwezinga okungalungile kungase kuholele ekugcwalisweni ngokweqile, ukoma, ukuvuza noma izingozi zemvelo.
Kumasistimu okulawula okuzenzakalelayo, isignali engalungile ingabangela izimpendulo ezingalungile, ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo noma impilo yemishini.
Ekulandeleni impahla nasekulandeleleni impahla (isb., ukugcinwa kukaphethiloli, amathangi amakhemikhali), ukutholwa kwezinga elingalungile kuholela ekubalweni kwevolumu okungalungile futhi kungase kuthinte amamethrikhi ebhizinisi.
Ekunakekeleni nasekuthembekeni, iswishi esebenzisa okungaqinisekile ingase iholele ekuxazululeni izinkinga njalo noma kuma-alamu angamanga, kukhuphule isikhathi sokuphumula nezindleko.
Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu, lapho ukhetha ukushintshwa kwezinga umuntu akumelwe ahlole ukucaciswa kwegama kuphela, kodwa futhi nokunemba komhlaba wangempela ngaphansi kwezimo zohlelo ezihlosiwe.
2. Izinhlobo Zokushintsha Kwezinga Nokunemba Kwazo Okujwayelekile
Izinhlobo ezihlukene zokushintshwa kweleveli zinikeza amaleveli okunemba ahlukene. Ngezansi sihlola ubuchwepheshe obumbalwa obujwayelekile futhi sixoxe ngokunemba okujwayelekile umuntu angakulindela.
2.1 Ukushintsha kokuntanta
Iswishi yeleveli yohlobo lwe-float isebenzisa isici esinyakazayo esihamba neleveli yoketshezi futhi isebenze iswishi lapho kufinyelelwa umkhawulo. Imishini futhi ilula, lawa madivayisi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekutholweni kokuVULIWA/KUVALE.
Ukunemba okujwayelekile: Ngenxa yokubekezelelana kwemishini, ukunyakaza kokuntanta, ukuphazamiseka koketshezi, indawo yokukhuphuka, nokushintshashintsha kwe-hysteresis, ukunemba kungase kusuke kumamilimitha ambalwa kuye kumasentimitha kuye ngosayizi wethangi nokufakwa.
Ukufaneleka: Kuhle kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezilula lapho umkhawulo owodwa (isb., i-alamu yezinga eliphezulu, ukunqanyulwa kwephampu) kudingeka futhi ukunemba okudlulele kungadingeki.
2.2 Ukushintsha Kwezinga Elinamandla
Ukushintsha kweleveli ye-Capacitive kuthola izinguquko kumandla okubangelwa ukuba khona koketshezi noma impahla endaweni yokuhlola. Lezi zinzwa ngokuvamile zingalungiswa ukuze kutholwe iphoyinti elimisiwe futhi ziyakwazi ukunemba nokuzwela okukhulu kunokushintsha kwemishini okulula.
Ukunemba okujwayelekile: Lawa madivayisi angathola ukutholwa kwezinga lemilimitha ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo.
Ukufaneleka: Kuwusizo ezindaweni lapho okuphakathi kuvumelana khona, nalapho kudingeka khona ukunemba okuphezulu noma amaphoyinti amaningi asethiwe.
2.3 Ama-Optical & Vibrating / Tuning Fork Level Switches
Lawa maswishi asebenzisa inzwa yokubona (i-prism noma ithiphu eshintsha ukubonakala lapho uketshezi luyithinta) noma ama-probe adlidlizayo (imfoloko eshintsha ukudlidliza lapho icwiliswa emanzini). Ngokuvamile abathinteki (noma ukuthintana okuncane), futhi bavame ukwenza kahle emithonjeni yezindaba efuna kakhulu.
Ukunemba okujwayelekile: Ngenxa yokuzwela nokuzinza kwawo, lezi zinguquko zingafinyelela ukubekezelelana okuqinile (isikali semilimitha) futhi zifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukwethembeka okuphezulu nokunemba.
Ukufaneleka: Ilungele uketshezi olunamandla (ikhemikhali, uwoyela), indawo yoketshezi olunegwebu noma olunyakazayo, noma lapho inzwa engathintani nayo ikhethwa khona.
2.4 Ukushintsha kwezinga le-Conductive / Rotary Paddle
Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu oketshezini kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, amaswishi e-conductive (electrode) namaswishi e-paddle okuqina ngobuningi nawo awela ngaphansi kobuchwepheshe bokushintsha izinga. Ukunemba kulezi zimo ngokuvamile kuba ngaphansi ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwezinto kanye nokushintsha ama-threshold.
Ukunemba okujwayelekile: Kumaswishi e-electrode, ukubekezelelwa kokwenza kusebenze kungase kuncike ekuguquguqukeni koketshezi, indawo yokuxhumana, kanye nejiyomethri yethangi—ngakho 'ukunemba' kungase kube banzi.
Ukufaneleka: Okuningi kokutholwa kwenqwaba (phezulu/phansi), noma okuqinile kunesilinganiso soketshezi esinembayo.
2.5 Ithebula Elifingqiwe: Ukunemba Okujwayelekile Ngokohlobo
Uhlobo Lokushintsha Kwezinga |
Ukunemba Okujwayelekile / Ukubekezelelana |
Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko |
Imikhawulo Ejwayelekile |
I-Float Switch |
Ama-mm ambalwa ukuya kuma-cm kuye ngokukhweza |
Ilula, ingabizi |
Izingxenye zemishini ezingaqondile, ezithintwa ukunyakaza koketshezi |
I-Capacitive Level Switch |
I-Millimeter-leveli ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele |
Ukuzwela okuphezulu, okuguquguqukayo |
Idinga ukulinganisa, imidiya kufanele ibe nezakhiwo ezingaguquki |
I-Optical / Vibrating / Tuning Fork |
Isikali semilimitha, ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu |
Ukuthintana okuncane, kusebenza kumidiya enzima |
Izindleko eziphakeme, zingadinga ukufakwa okuyinkimbinkimbi |
I-Conductive / Paddle Level Switch |
Ukubekezelela okukhudlwana (cm+) koketshezi noma okuqinile |
Iqinile kokuqinile noma ukusetshenziswa kwenqwaba |
Ukunemba okuphansi, kuncike kakhulu kwimidiya |
3. Izici Ezithinta Ukunemba Kokushintsha Kwezinga
Akukho shintsho lweleveli olusebenza ngokuhlukana; izici eziningi zomhlaba wangempela zithonya indlela okuzonemba ngayo ekusebenzeni. Ukuqonda nokulawula lezi zici kubalulekile ukuze uzuze ukusebenza okudingayo.
3.1 Izinto Ezihlobene Nokufakwa
Indawo yokukhweza : Ingabe iswishi ifakwe ohlangothini, ifakwe phezulu, itshekile? Ukuchezuka ukusuka kumumo okahle kushintsha iphoyinti elisebenzayo.
Ijiyomethri yethangi nokuma : Izansi ezitshekile, imikhumbi emincane, izintaba ezingafinyeleleki zithinta uketshezi lwangempela oluhlobene nendawo yokuzwa.
Ukunyakaza koketshezi, isiyaluyalu noma ukuyaluza : Uma uketshezi olungaphezulu luphazamisekile (amagagasi, igwebu, amajethi) iswishi ingase ibone ukwenza kusebenze okungamanga noma ukubambezeleka ukwenza kusebenze.
Ukusula kanye nezithiyo : Izintanta zingashayisa izindonga noma zonakaliswe; ama-probe adlidlizayo angase avinjwe.
Izidingo zokuhlala kahle noma izihlangu : Kumidiya eneziyaluyalu, umthombo othule ungase uzinze izinga endaweni yokuzwa.
3.2 Izici Zemvelo
Izinga lokushisa nokucindezela : Lokhu kuthinta okokusebenza kwezinzwa, izinto zikagesi, ukuminyana kokuntanta, nendlela yokushintsha.
Izakhiwo eziwuketshezi : Ukuminyana, ukungaguquguquki kwe-dielectric, ukukhanya okukhanyayo, igwebu, umoya ohlanganisiwe, okuqinile okumisiwe—konke kushintsha impendulo yenzwa noma inkomba 'engaphezulu' esebenzayo.
Imidiya elimazayo noma enolaka : Ukugqokwa kwesikhathi esengeziwe noma ukumboza kungalulaza ukunemba. Idizayini yenzwa kufanele ifane nemidiya.
Umsindo kagesi / ukuphazamiseka : Ngokushintsha kwe-elekthronikhi, umsindo ungase ubangele amasignali angamanga noma ukufihla umkhawulo wangempela.
Ukudlidliza komshini noma ukushaqeka : Izintanta noma ukuxhumana kwemishini kungase kushintshe, kwehlise izinga noma kungenzeki ngendlela efanele.
3.3 Idizayini yezinzwa nezinto ezibonakalayo
Izinto zokwakha : Usayizi we-float/impahla ithinta ukuhamba, ukukhukhuleka; ama-probes kufanele amelane nokungcoliswa, ukunamathela, ukugqwala.
Ukushintsha indlela : Oxhumana nabo bemishini bangase babe nokubekezelela okukhulu kunezinzwa zesimo esiqinile; uhlobo lwe-elekthronikhi lunganikeza ukulungiswa okungcono kakhulu.
Ukucaciswa kokulinganisa nokubekezelela : Ukubekezelela okushiwo komkhiqizi (isb, ±5 mm) kusetha isisekelo. Ngaphandle kokulinganisa iphutha langempela lingaba likhulu.
Ukuphindaphinda uma kuqhathaniswa nokunemba : Iswishi ingase isebenze ngendlela enokwethenjelwa endaweni efanayo (ukuphindaphinda) kodwa isengase isuswe endaweni yokusetha yegama (ukunemba).
I-hysteresis ne-dead band : Uma i-hysteresis iba nkulu, lapho kuzoba khona ukunemba kancane kokwenza kusebenze kwephuzu 'eliyiqiniso'.
3.4 Ukulinganisa Nokunakekela
Ukunemba kuzokwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma ukulinganisa nokugcinwa kuzitshwa. Ezinye izinqubo ezibalulekile:
Misa ileveli yereferensi futhi uqinisekise izindawo zangempela zokuvula amaswishi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Hlanza futhi uhlole indlela yokushintsha ukuthi iyona yini, igugile noma imoshekile.
Qinisekisa ukuphuma kukagesi bese uqhathanisa namanani alindelekile.
Linganisa kabusha uma ukukhukhuleka okubalulekile kutholwa noma ngemva koshintsho olumaphakathi.
Gcina amarekhodi okusebenza nokuchezuka ukuze ulindele ukulungiswa.
3.5 Ukuhlanganisa Konke
Endaweni ekahle—enokunyuswa okufanele, uketshezi olupholile, imidiya engashintshi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezifanele, nokulinganisa ngezikhathi ezithile—iswishi yezinga eliphezulu ingase isondele ekunembeni kweleveli yemilimitha. Kodwa ezinhlelweni zomhlaba wangempela zezimboni noma zenkundla, ukunemba kwangempela okusebenzayo kuzoba banzi ngenxa yokubekezelelana okukhulayo, ukuchezuka okukhuphukayo, amandla oketshezi nezimo zemvelo. Ngakho-ke, lapho ucacisa ukushintshwa kwezinga, kufanele ubuke ukunemba hhayi nje njengengxenye yesici, kodwa njengokunemba kwesistimu—ukubalwa kwazo zonke lezi zici.
4. Izidingo Zokunemba Ezinhlelweni Ezihlukene
4.1 Ukuqapha Izinga Lamafutha Ezimoto
Ezimotweni ezizihambelayo noma ezingekho emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka, ukushintshwa kweleveli kungase kuqaphe uphethiloli, uwoyela noma amachibi okupholisa. Izimfuneko zifaka: ukumelana nokudlidliza, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo, izinguquko zokutshekisa/i-engeli, ukufakwa okuhlangene, nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Ezimweni eziningi ukushintsha kusetshenziselwa izexwayiso esikhundleni sokubala umthamo onembile, ngakho ukubekezelela ukunemba kungase kube amashumi amamilimitha. Ukuze kuhlanganiswe isikali sikaphethiloli esithuthukisiwe, kungase kudingeke ukunemba okuphezulu.
4.2 Amathangi nezimboni zezimboni
Emathangeni kaphethiloli ezimbonini, ama-genset amanzi/amafutha kawoyela, kanye nemikhumbi yokucubungula, izimfuno zokunemba ziqinile. Ukugwema ukugcwala ngokweqile, ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okomile, nokuhlanganiswa namasistimu azenzakalelayo kusho ukuthi ukushintshwa kwezinga kungadinga ukubekezelelana okuqinile nokuphindaphinda okuphezulu. Izidingo zokunemba zingase zehlele phakathi kwamamilimitha ambalwa—ikakhulukazi kwabezindaba ezibizayo noma uketshezi olubalulekile nokuphepha. Ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa ezithuthukisiwe (ama-capacitive noma ama-vibrating probe) buyakhethwa.
4.3 Impahla Yasekhaya kanye Namathangi Amancane
Ezimpahleni zasendlini—imishini yokuwasha, izinto ezithambisa amanzi, amathangi okukhipha amanzi—i-level switch ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulawula UKUVULA/UKUVALA okulula. Ukunemba okudingekayo kulinganiselwe, mhlawumbe ngokulandelana kwamasentimitha. Ukwethembeka nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kuyabusa esikhundleni sokunemba okuqinile. Iswishi efakwe kahle yokuntanta ngokuvamile yanela lapha.
4.4 Isifinyezo: Ukusetha Okulindelekile Kokunemba Okulungile
Uma ucacisa ukushintshwa kweleveli, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubuza:
Ikuphi ukuchezuka okubi kakhulu okuvunyelwe (ku-mm noma % wobude bethangi) ukuze kugcinwe inqubo iphephile noma isebenza kahle?
Ingabe okukhiphayo kusetshenziselwa i-alamu elula, noma ukulinganisa ivolumu okunembile noma okuzenzakalelayo?
Iziphi izithiyo zezemvelo, imidiya noma ezikhulayo ezizokwehlisa ukunemba?
Ngokuqondanisa ukunemba okulindelekile nemfuneko yohlelo lokusebenza (nokwamukela ukunemba okwangempela 'kohlelo' kunombono ofanele wengxenye), ungakhetha ukushintsha kweleveli efanelana nomsebenzi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali ngokweqile.
5. Amathiphu Okukhulisa Ukunemba Kokushintsha Kweleveli
Khetha ubuchwepheshe obufanele : Ukuze uthole ukunemba okuqinile, khetha izinzwa ezifanele okumaphakathi nendawo.
Faka ngokucophelela : Landela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi, gwema isiphithiphithi, ukuchaphaza noma igwebu.
Qondanisa okokusebenza nemidiya : Qinisekisa ukuhambisana kwamakhemikhali nezinga lokushisa.
Letha ukubekezelela ukufakwa ekucacisweni : Linganisa amaphoyinti aqondile, landisa ngokuziphatha kwendawo ewuketshezi.
Linganisa futhi uhlole : Qinisekisa izindawo zokuvula ngemva kokufaka futhi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Gcina amarekhodi : Hlola ukona, ukuguga, nokonakaliswa kwe-electronics.
Xhumana nabahlinzeki : Nikeza imininingwane yezixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Hlela ukunemba kwesistimu : Cabangela zonke izici zomhlaba wangempela, hhayi nje ukucaciswa kwedivayisi.
6. Isiphetho
Ukunemba koshintsho lweleveli kuthonywa izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa , ukufakwa, izici zemidiya, izimo zemvelo, ukulinganisa, nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo. Nakuba amaswishi e-float alula anganikeza ukunemba kwezinga lesentimitha okuthembekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza eziyisisekelo, izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe ezifana nama-capacitive, optical, noma ama-vibrating probe ziyakwazi ukunemba kwezinga lemilimitha uma zifakwe kahle futhi zigcinwa. Ukukhetha uhlobo olulungile lokushintshwa kweleveli yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluthile kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uqapha amathange kaphethiloli ezimoto, amadamu ezimboni, noma amazinga amanzi ezintweni ezisebenza ekhaya. Ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okungaguquguquki nokunokwethenjelwa, kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukulandela izinqubo zokufaka ezilungile nokusebenzisa ukuhlola nokulinganisa okujwayelekile. Kumabhizinisi noma abantu abafuna izixazululo ezihambisanayo kanye nesiqondiso sochwepheshe ekukhetheni, ekufakeni, noma ekwenzeni amaswishi ezinga ngendlela oyifisayo, ukusebenzisana nomhlinzeki othembekile ofana ne-Bluefin Sensor Technologies Limited kungasiza ukufanisa inzwa efaneleke kakhulu nezidingo zakho ezinembile. Ubuchwepheshe babo ekushintsheni kwezinga eliphezulu kanye nemikhiqizo yeswishi ye-float iqinisekisa ukuthi ungakwazi ukugcina ukunemba, ukwethembeka, nokusebenza kahle kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, ukwehlisa ubungozi futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kohlelo lonke. Ukuxhumana nethimba labo kunganikeza ukwesekwa kochwepheshe kanye nezincomo zezinselele zakho ezihlukile zokuqapha izinga loketshezi.
7. FAQ
Q1: Iluphi uhla lokunemba olujwayelekile lwezinhlobo zokushintshwa kwamazinga ahlukene?
Amaswishi okuntanta: mm ukuya ku-cm kuye ngokufakwa.
I-Capacitive/optical/vibrating: ileveli yemilimitha ezimeni ezilawulwayo.
Q2: Ukufakwa kuthinta kanjani ukunemba kokushintshwa kwezinga?
Ukukhweza okungafanele, isiphithiphithi, ukungacacisi kahle noma ukunyakazisa uketshezi kunciphisa ukunemba.
I-Q3: Ingabe ukushintsha kwezinga kungagcina ukunemba oketshezini oluyinselele njengegwebu noma udaka?
Yebo, uma ubuchwepheshe obufanele (ukudlidliza noma ukubona) kanye nokufakwa (ukuvikela, imithombo yokumisa) kusetshenziswa.
Q4: Ileveli kufanele ilinganiswe kangaki?
Ukulinganisa kuncike ekusetshenzisweni; amasistimu ezimboni angase adinge ukuhlolwa kwaphakathi nonyaka, amasistimu alula kancane kancane.
Q5: Kungani kubalulekile ukukhetha umenzi wekhwalithi ephezulu?
Umkhiqizi uchaza ukubekezelelana, ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi anganikeza izixazululo ezihambisana nendawo ezungezile, aqinisekise ukusebenza okunembile nokuthembekile.
