Nigute ushobora guhitamo urwego rwohindura?

Kugenzura urwego rwibintu byinshi cyangwa byinshi ni ngombwa mu nganda zitandukanye, zirimo ibinyabiziga, kugenzura inganda, gutunganya amazi, n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo. Guhitamo uburenganzira urwego rwohindura  ni ngombwa kugirango umutekano, imikorere, hamwe no kwizerwa mubikorwa. Guhitamo urwego ruhindura ibirenze gutoranya sensor-bisaba kumva ibyifuzo byawe, urwego ruciriritse, ibidukikije bikora, ibikenewe neza, hamwe no guhuza sisitemu yo kugenzura.

Urwego rwatoranijwe neza rufasha kwirinda ibikoresho bihenze, kugabanya ibikenerwa byo kubungabunga, kandi bigenzura neza kandi mugihe gikwiye cyamazi cyangwa ibikoresho byinshi. Guhitamo nabi birashobora kuganisha kubimenyesha ibinyoma, kuzura, ibintu byumye, cyangwa guhungabanya umutekano. Iyi ngingo itanga umurongo ngenderwaho wuburyo bwo guhitamo urwego ruhindura, harimo ubwoko bwimyanya iboneka, ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumahitamo, intambwe zifatika, nibikorwa byiza. Gukurikiza iki gitabo bizafasha abajenjeri, abayobozi b'ibigo, n'abashushanya sisitemu gufata ibyemezo bisobanutse byongera ukuri, kugabanya igihe, no kunoza imikorere muri sisitemu, gutanga igisubizo cyizewe kijyanye nibikorwa bikenewe.

 

1. Gusobanukirwa Urwego rwohindura

1.1 Guhindura urwego ni iki?

Urwego rwohinduranya ni igikoresho gikoreshwa mugushakisha ahari cyangwa kubura ibintu byamazi cyangwa byinshi mugihe runaka. Bitandukanye nurwego rukomeza, rutanga igihe-nyacyo cyo gupima uburebure bwamazi, urwego rwohinduranya rusanzwe rukora nkibipimo-urwego. Batera impuruza, gukora pompe, cyangwa kohereza ikimenyetso kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura mugihe ibikoresho bigeze murwego rwo hejuru.

Guhindura urwego nibyingenzi mukurinda umutekano wimikorere no gukora neza. Zifasha kugumana urwego rukwiye rwamazi, kurinda kurengerwa cyangwa gukama-pompe, no guhuza hamwe na sisitemu zikoresha kugirango zibungabunge inzira. Intego nyamukuru yo guhinduranya urwego ntabwo ikomeza gupimwa ahubwo ni ugutahura neza ahantu hakeye, akenshi birahagije kubikorwa byinshi byinganda no murugo.

Urwego rwohinduranya rukoreshwa mu nganda kubikorwa nka:

Kugenzura pompe

Impuruza zo mu rwego rwo hejuru

Kurinda urwego rwo hasi

Igenzura ryikora

Kugenzura urwego rwibarura muri tank cyangwa silos

1.2 Kuki Guhitamo Urwego Rwukuri Guhindura Ibintu

Guhitamo urwego rukwiye ni ngombwa kuko porogaramu zitandukanye zifite ibisabwa bitandukanye mubisobanuro byuzuye, biramba, kandi bihuza. Guhitamo ubwoko butari bwo bwo guhindura ibintu bishobora kuvamo gusoma nabi, kubungabunga bitari ngombwa, kunanirwa na sisitemu, ndetse n’umutekano muke. Guhitamo neza biremeza:

Ibipimo nyabyo kandi bisubirwamo, bigabanya ibyago byo gutemba cyangwa ibintu byumye

Guhuza nibidukikije hamwe nibikorwa, byongerera ubuzima sensor

Kugabanya kubungabunga no gutaha, kunoza imikorere

Kubahiriza umutekano n’amategeko ngenderwaho, kugenzura imikorere myiza

Mubyongeyeho, guhitamo icyerekezo gifite ibintu bikwiye, nkibishobora guhinduka, kubaka bikomeye, cyangwa tekinoroji igezweho, birashobora guteza imbere kuramba no kwizerwa bya sisitemu. Gusobanukirwa ibikenewe hamwe nimbogamizi zibidukikije nintambwe yambere iganisha ku kugenzura neza kandi kwiringirwa kurwego rwamazi.

 

2. Menya ibyo usabwa

2.1 Ubwoko bwo Hagati

Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwikigereranyo nibyingenzi muguhitamo urwego ruhindura. Ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye bifite imiterere itandukanye yumubiri nubumashini bishobora guhindura imikorere ya sensor:

Amazi:  Amazi, amavuta, lisansi, imiti, na sluries buriwese afite ubucucike budasanzwe, ubwiza, ubwikorezi, nibiranga dielectric. Guhitamo icyerekezo gishobora gukora neza hamwe nubwoko bwihariye bwamazi ni ngombwa.

Ibibyimba byinshi:  Ifu, ibinyampeke, pelleti n'umucanga bisaba sensor zishobora kwihanganira ibice byiyongera, ivumbi, hamwe nibitagenda neza.

Buri cyiciro gishyiraho imbogamizi kubwoko bwa switch izakora neza. Kurugero, ibibyimba byinshi, ibikoresho bifata cyane, cyangwa imiti ikaze ya chimique isaba ibyuma byabugenewe kugirango bikemure ibyo bibazo nta kubeshya cyangwa kwangirika.

2.2 Ibidukikije bikora

Ibidukikije bikora bigira uruhare runini muguhindura imikorere no kuramba. Ibintu by'ingenzi bidukikije birimo:

• Ubushyuhe:  Sensors igomba kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nubushyuhe buke idahinduye aho ikorera cyangwa ubunyangamugayo. Ubushyuhe bukabije burashobora kugira ingaruka kuri buoyancy cyangwa ibikoresho bya elegitoronike muri capacitive na optique.

• Umuvuduko:  Ibigega byumuvuduko mwinshi bisaba guhinduranya imbaraga zishobora gukomeza gukora neza mugihe uhangayitse.

• Amazi yangirika cyangwa yibasira:  Kurwanya imiti yibikoresho bya sensor bituma ubwizerwe bwigihe kirekire muri acide, alkaline, cyangwa ubundi buryo bukaze.

• Imiterere yubuso:  Imivurungano, ifuro, cyangwa ibituba bishobora gutera gukora ibinyoma mubice bimwe na bimwe, bisaba ikoranabuhanga rishobora gukemura ibibazo nkibi.

Isuzuma ryiza ryibidukikije bikora byemeza ko urwego rwatoranijwe ruzahinduka rwizewe kurenza igihe ruteganijwe.

2.3 Ibisabwa

Gusobanura ibisabwa byo gupima bifasha kugabanya uburyo bukwiye:

• Kumenyekanisha ingingo imwe ningingo nyinshi:  Ukeneye gusa impuruza ndende / ntoya, cyangwa inzitizi nyinshi? Ingingo nyinshi zemerera kugenzura neza no kugenzura inzira.

• Ibisabwa byuzuye:  Porogaramu zimwe zisaba milimetero-urwego rwukuri, mugihe izindi zishobora gukora hamwe na santimetero-yihanganira.

• Ibisohoka bisohoka:  Reba ubwoko bwibimenyetso bisabwa - guhuza imashini ihuza imashini, analog voltage / ikigezweho, cyangwa itumanaho rya digitale kugirango uhuze na sisitemu ya PLC cyangwa SCADA.

2.4 Inzitizi zo kwishyiriraho

Ahantu hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyiriraho birashobora guhindura cyane imikorere:

• Umwanya ntarengwa:  Guhindura bimwe bisaba umwanya uhagaze, iriba rihagaze, cyangwa amazu arinda gukora neza.

• Icyerekezo:  Guhuza neza no kuzamuka umwanya ni ngombwa kugirango ureremba hamwe na probe.

• Amazi meza:  Imyivumbagatanyo, imiraba, cyangwa imivurungano bishobora gutera gusoma ibinyoma; ukoresheje guceceka neza cyangwa gukingirwa birashobora kugabanya izo ngaruka.

Urebye inzitizi zo kwishyiriraho hakiri kare birinda ibibazo byimikorere kandi bigabanya ibisabwa nyuma.

 

3. Gereranya Ubwoko butandukanye bwurwego rwohindura

3.1 Urwego rwo hejuru

Urwego rwo kureremba rugizwe na buoyant ireremba izamuka cyangwa igwa hamwe nurwego rwamazi, ikora muburyo bwimikorere iyo inzitizi igeze.

Ibyiza:

Biroroshye, birahenze, kandi birahari henshi

Biroroshye gushiraho no kubungabunga

Yizewe kubanze ON / OFF igenzura mumazi atuje

Imipaka:

Hasi neza kubera kwihanganira imashini no kugenda kureremba

Yumva imivurungano, ifuro, cyangwa gusebanya

Birashobora gusaba ubuyobozi bwo kurinda kwirinda gukomera cyangwa kudahuza

Porogaramu isanzwe:  Igenzura rya pompe, impuruza zo hejuru / hasi-murwego rwo hasi mumazi meza

3.2

Ubushobozi bwa capacitifike bwerekana ko hariho uburyo bwo gupima impinduka zubushobozi hagati ya probe nurukuta rwa tank cyangwa probe yerekana.

Ibyiza:

Ubukangurambaga bukabije na milimetero-urwego rwukuri

Irashobora gutahura ibintu bitwara amazi kandi bitayobora

Guhindura ingingo yo kumenya ibintu byinshi

Imipaka:

Irasaba kalibrasi kugirango ibe nziza

Imikorere irashobora gutandukana nibintu biciriritse nkubucucike na dielectric ihoraho

Porogaramu zisanzwe:  Amazi yinganda, ibigega bya chimique, gutunganya ibintu

3.3 Guhindura urwego rwiza

Guhindura optique bishingiye kuri prism cyangwa sensor yumucyo ihindura imitekerereze iyo ihuye namazi.

Ibyiza:

Igihe cyihuse cyo gusubiza no kudahuza ibikorwa

Kubungabunga bike kumazi meza

Igishushanyo mbonera cyahantu hafunzwe

Imipaka:

Ibyiza bikwiranye namazi meza cyangwa adafite ifuro

Imikorere yibasiwe nibitangazamakuru bidasobanutse cyangwa bidahwitse

Porogaramu zisanzwe:  Sisitemu ya laboratoire, ibigega byamazi meza, amavuta yoroheje

3.4 Kunyeganyega / Guhuza Urwego Urwego rwohindura

Guhinduranya ibintu byerekana ihinduka ryinyeganyeza mugihe iperereza rihuye namazi.

Ibyiza:

Byukuri kandi bisubirwamo

Bikwiranye n'amazi menshi, yuzuye, cyangwa yangirika

Kurwanya ibinyoma bikurura imivurungano

Imipaka:

Igiciro cyinshi kuruta guhinduranya byoroshye

Irasaba kwishyiriraho imbaraga no kuyitaho rimwe na rimwe

Porogaramu isanzwe:  Amazi mabi, amavuta aremereye, slurries

3.5 Umuyoboro / Urwego rwa Electrode

Imashanyarazi ya electrode itahura amazi atwara binyuze mumashanyarazi.

Ibyiza:

Biroroshye kandi byizewe

Kubungabunga bike

Ikora neza hamwe n'amazi atwara

Imipaka:

Gusa bigira akamaro hamwe nibitangazamakuru byayobora

Ntibisobanutse neza hamwe nibisukuye cyangwa byanduye

Porogaramu isanzwe:  Gutunganya amazi, ibigega bya shimi

3.6 Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya

Urwego Guhindura Ubwoko	Ibyiza	Imipaka	Ibisanzwe
Hindura	Biroroshye, birahendutse	Hasi neza, yunvikana kumuraba	Igenzura ryibanze rya pompe, impuruza
Ubushobozi	Ubusobanuro buhanitse, butandukanye	Irasaba kalibrasi	Amazi yo mu nganda, ibigega bya shimi
Ibyiza	Byihuse, kudahuza	Gusa kumazi meza	Amazi meza, amavuta yoroheje
Kunyeganyega / Guhuza	Nukuri, yihanganira ifuro	Igiciro kinini	Amazi, amazi meza
Umuyoboro / Electrode	Yizewe, yoroshye	Gusa itangazamakuru riyobora	Gutunganya amazi, ibigega bya shimi

 

4. Reba Ibintu Byiyongereye

4.1 Kubungabunga & Calibration

Kugenzura buri gihe na kalibrasi ni ngombwa kugirango ubungabunge ukuri nubuzima bwa sensor. Kwangiza, kwambara imashini, no gutambutsa ibimenyetso birashobora kugabanya imikorere mugihe. Guteganya kubungabunga bifasha kwemeza ko switch ikomeza gukora aho yagenewe gukora, ikomeza sisitemu yo kwizerwa.

4.2 Umutekano & Kubahiriza

Urwego rwohinduranya rugomba kubahiriza ibipimo byumutekano, cyane cyane mubidukikije cyangwa byangiza. Ibishushanyo-biturika biturika, ibikoresho birwanya imiti, hamwe nimpamyabushobozi byemeza imikorere yizewe kandi yizewe.

4.3 Kwishyira hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura

Urwego rugezweho ruhinduranya kenshi na sisitemu ikora, harimo PLC, SCADA, cyangwa IoT. Guhuza hamwe na protocole y'itumanaho, ubwoko bwibimenyetso bisohoka, nibisabwa kwishyira hamwe bigomba gutekerezwa mugihe cyo gutoranya.

4.4 Igiciro & Ubuzima

Reba ishoramari ryambere nigiciro cyigihe kirekire cyo gukora. Mugihe iterambere ryambere rishobora kuba rihenze imbere, ritanga kwizerwa cyane, ibisabwa byo kubungabunga bike, no kugabanya igihe, akenshi bikavamo igiciro gito cyo gutunga ubuzima bwa sensor.

 

5. Intambwe zifatika zo guhitamo urwego rukwiye Guhindura

Sobanura porogaramu n'ubwoko bwo hagati (amazi, ibishishwa, cyangwa byinshi bikomeye).

Menya imikorere, harimo ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimiti.

Menya ibipimo nibisabwa, harimo ingingo imwe cyangwa ingingo nyinshi.

Suzuma inzitizi zo kwishyiriraho, zirimo umwanya, icyerekezo, hamwe ningaruka zamazi.

Gereranya urwego rutandukanye rwo guhinduranya kugirango umenye ibyiza bikwiranye nukuri, kuramba, hamwe nibitangazamakuru bihuza.

Tekereza kubungabunga, umutekano, kwishyira hamwe, hamwe nibiciro kugirango umenye igihe kirekire.

Umufatanyabikorwa hamwe nuwabitanze ufite uburambe kugirango yakire ubuyobozi nibisubizo byihariye mugihe bibaye ngombwa.

 

6. Umwanzuro

Guhitamo urwego rukwiye bisaba gusuzuma neza uburyo bwawe, ibidukikije bikora , ibisabwa neza, imbogamizi zo kwishyiriraho, hamwe na sisitemu yo guhuza ibikorwa. Mugihe ibintu byoroheje bireremba bitanga igisubizo cyigiciro cyogukoresha porogaramu zoroshye, tekinoroji igezweho - nka capacitif, optique, cyangwa vibratifike - itanga ibisobanuro byukuri, kwiringirwa, no gukora mubihe bisabwa. Kugenzura igenzura rihamye kandi risobanutse bikubiyemo gukurikiza inzira yatoranijwe isuzuma ibintu byose bikora hamwe nibisabwa igihe kirekire. Gufatanya ninzobere yizewe nka Bluefin Sensor Technologies Limited irashobora koroshya iki gikorwa, igatanga ubuyobozi bwumwuga muguhitamo urwego rukwiranye na progaramu yawe yihariye. Ubuhanga bwabo bugizwe nibicuruzwa byinshi, harimo ibicuruzwa bireremba kureremba hamwe nu rwego rwo hejuru rwahinduwe rugenewe inganda, ibinyabiziga, ndetse n’imbere mu gihugu. Gukorana nuwabitanze byemeza ko sensor wahisemo itujuje gusa ibya tekiniki ahubwo ikanahuza hamwe na sisitemu yawe, bikazamura imikorere no kwizerwa. Kubucuruzi naba injeniyeri bashaka ibisubizo byizewe byo kugenzura, kugisha inama na Bluefin Sensor Technologies Limited birashobora gufasha kumenya sensor nziza kandi bigashyigikira uburyo bwiza bwo kwishyiriraho, kalibrasi, hamwe nibikorwa bikomeza, bitanga amahoro yo mumutima hamwe nicyizere cyibikorwa mubisabwa byose.

 

7. Ibibazo

Ikibazo1: Ni ibihe bintu nakagombye kubanza gusuzuma muguhitamo urwego ruhinduka?

Menya ubwoko bwibikoresho biciriritse, bikora, ibikenewe neza, hamwe nimbogamizi zo kwishyiriraho.

Q2: Ni ubuhe bwoko bwo guhinduranya urwego rwiza kumazi menshi cyangwa amazi meza?

Kunyeganyega / guhuza ibyuma cyangwa ubushobozi bwa capacitifike birakwiriye kubitangazamakuru bitoroshye.

Q3: Nigute aho kwishyiriraho bigira ingaruka kumikorere yo guhindura urwego?

Icyerekezo gikwiye, gushiraho, no kurinda imvururu byemeza imikorere yizewe.

Q4: Ese urwego rwose rwahinduye rusaba kalibrasi?

Ihinduramiterere ryambere nka capacitive cyangwa vibrating sensor bisaba kalibrasi yigihe; byoroshye kureremba birashobora gusaba guhinduka bike.

Q5: Kuki ari ngombwa gukorana nuwabitanze ufite uburambe?

Abatanga isoko batanga ubuyobozi kubijyanye no guhitamo ikoranabuhanga, kwishyiriraho uburyo bwiza, hamwe nibisubizo byabigenewe kugirango bikore neza.