Kugaragaza urwego rwamazi bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa byinshi - kuva ibigega bya lisansi yimodoka kugeza kumato yinganda zikora inganda kugeza kubigega byo murugo. Iyo igikoresho nka a urwego rwahinduwe rukoreshwa kugirango umenye niba tank yuzuye cyangwa irimo ubusa, ni gute ushobora gutegereza ko iyo switch iba? Nicyo kibazo cyibanze dushakisha muriyi ngingo: Ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhinduranya urwego?
Tuzasobanura icyo 'ubunyangamugayo ' bisobanura kugirango uhindure urwego, dusuzume ikoranabuhanga nubwoko bwabahinduye urwego nuburyo itandukaniro riri hagati yabyo, dushakishe ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumyizerere, dusuzume ibyifuzo byihariye bisabwa, tunatanga inama zifatika kugirango tumenye neza muri sisitemu. Mugihe cyanyuma uzasobanukirwa neza icyo ugomba gutegereza mugihe uhisemo urwego rwimikorere - nuburyo bwo kwemeza ko rukora nkuko bisabwa.
1. Gusobanukirwa Urwego Guhindura Ukuri
1.1 Icyo Ukuri Bisobanura Kuri Guhindura Urwego
Iyo tuvuze kubyerekeranye nukuri kurwego rwohinduranya, tuba tuvuze uburyo bwizewe igikoresho kimenya ingingo yashizweho kandi kigatanga ibimenyetso byukuri mugihe amazi (cyangwa ibikoresho) ageze kuri iyo ngingo. Ibi birimo ibintu byinshi:
Gusubiramo - burya ingingo zikurikirana zikurikirana zihuza mubihe bimwe.
Kwihanganirana / gutandukana - intera iri kure yizina rya point-point nyirizina ibikorwa bibaho.
Hystereze - itandukaniro riri hagati yo gukora (kuzamuka kurwego) no gukuraho (kugabanuka kurwego), bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza.
Igihe cyo gusubiza nigihe ntarengwa - cyane cyane muri sisitemu zikoresha aho ibihe byingenzi.
Muburyo bwinshi bwo guhinduranya, igikoresho gikeneye gusa kumenya urwego (ON / OFF) aho gupima ubudahwema - ariko no kubikorwa, ibintu byukuri. Muri sisitemu zateye imbere cyane aho urwego rwinshi cyangwa se hafi-ikomeza urwego rushobora gutahurwa, ibisabwa neza ni byinshi.
1.2 Impamvu Ibyingenzi
Ukuri guhinduka kurwego ntabwo ari impungenge zamasomo gusa - bifite ingaruka zifatika:
Muri sisitemu zikomeye z'umutekano, urwego rudahwitse rushobora kuganisha ku kuzura, gukama-gukama, kumeneka cyangwa kwangiza ibidukikije.
Muri sisitemu yo kugenzura yikora, ibimenyetso bidahwitse birashobora gukurura ibisubizo bidakwiye, bigira ingaruka kumikorere cyangwa mubuzima bwibikoresho.
Mu ibarura no gukurikirana umutungo (urugero, kubika lisansi, ibigega bya shimi), gutahura urwego rutari rwo biganisha ku kubara ingano itari yo kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bipimo by'ubucuruzi.
Mu kubungabunga no kwizerwa, guhinduranya hamwe no gukora bitazwi neza bishobora kuganisha ku gukemura ibibazo kenshi cyangwa gutabaza ibinyoma, kongera igihe nigiciro.
Kubera ibyo byose, mugihe uhitamo urwego uhinduranya umuntu ntagomba gusuzuma gusa amazina yihariye, ariko nanone asuzume ukuri-kwisi kwisi kugenewe ibisabwa.
2. Ubwoko bwurwego rwohinduranya nuburyo busanzwe
Ubwoko butandukanye bwurwego rutanga urwego rutandukanye. Hano hepfo turasuzuma tekinoroji isanzwe kandi tuganira kubyukuri bisanzwe umuntu ashobora gutegereza.
2.1
Urwego rwo kureremba rwubwoko bukoresha ibintu bigenda byimbere hamwe nurwego rwamazi kandi bigakora icyerekezo iyo urwego rugeze. Imashini kandi yoroheje, ibyo bikoresho bikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwibanze bwa ON / OFF.
Ubusanzwe busanzwe: Kubera kwihanganira imashini, kugenda kureremba, gutembera kwamazi, guhagarara, hamwe no guhinduranya hystereze, ubunyangamugayo bushobora kuva kuri milimetero nkeya kugeza kuri santimetero bitewe nubunini bwa tank hamwe nogushiraho.
Ibikwiye: Ibyiza kubisanzwe byoroshye aho urwego rumwe (urugero, impuruza yo murwego rwohejuru, pompe yo guhagarika) irakenewe kandi ntibisobanutse neza.
2.2
Urwego rwa capacitif urwego rwerekana impinduka mubushobozi buterwa no kuba hari amazi cyangwa ibikoresho kuri probe. Izi sensor zirashobora guhindurwa kugirango tumenye ingingo yashizweho kandi zirashoboye kumenya neza no kwiyumvisha ibintu kuruta guhinduranya imashini.
Ubusanzwe busanzwe: Ibi bikoresho birashobora kugera kuri milimetero kurwego rwo kumenya mubihe byiza.
Ibikwiranye: Byingirakamaro mubidukikije aho urwego ruhoraho, kandi aho urwego rwo hejuru rwukuri cyangwa ingingo nyinshi zashyizweho zikenewe.
2.3 Ibyiza & Vibrating / Guhuza Urwego Urwego rwohindura
Ihinduranya ikoresha optique ya optique (prism cyangwa inama ihindura imitekerereze iyo amazi ahuye nayo) cyangwa vibrasi ya probe (ikibanza gihindura kunyeganyega mugihe cyarohamye). Bakunze kuba badahuza (cyangwa guhura kwinshi), kandi bakunda gukora neza mubitangazamakuru byinshi bisaba.
Ubusanzwe busanzwe: Kuberako ibyiyumvo byabo bihamye kandi bihamye, aba bahindura bashobora kugera kubyihanganirana cyane (igipimo cya milimetero) kandi bikwiranye nibisabwa bisaba kwizerwa cyane kandi neza.
Ibikwiranye: Nibyiza kumazi yibasira (imiti, amavuta), ibibyimba cyangwa ibibyimba bitemba hejuru, cyangwa aho guhitamo kutabonana.
2.4 Imyitwarire / Rotary Paddle Urwego rwohindura
Mugihe bidakunze kugaragara kumazi mubisabwa bimwe na bimwe, imiyoboro ya electrode (electrode) hamwe na paddle ihinduranya ibintu byinshi nabyo biri munsi yubuhanga bwo guhinduranya. Ukuri muribi bihe usanga ari hasi kuberako ibintu bihindagurika kandi bigahinduka.
Ubusanzwe busanzwe: Kubijyanye na electrode, kwihanganira ibikorwa bishobora guterwa nubworoherane bwamazi, ubuso bwitumanaho, hamwe na tank ya geometrie - bityo 'ubunyangamugayo ' bushobora kuba bwagutse.
Ibikwiye: Byinshi kubushakashatsi bwinshi (hejuru / hasi), cyangwa ibinini aho gupima neza amazi.
2.5 Imbonerahamwe yincamake: Ubwoko busanzwe kubwoko
Ubwoko bw'Urwego Guhindura |
Ubusanzwe / Kworoherana |
Ibyiza by'ingenzi |
Imipaka isanzwe |
Hindura |
Mm nkeya kuri cm bitewe na mount |
Biroroshye, birahendutse |
Ntibisobanutse neza, ibice byubukanishi, byatewe no kugenda kwamazi |
Urwego rufite ubushobozi |
Urwego rwa milimetero mubihe byiza |
Ibyiyumvo bihanitse, birashobora guhinduka |
Irasaba kalibrasi, itangazamakuru rigomba kugira imiterere ihamye |
Ibyiza / Kunyeganyega / Guhuza |
Igipimo cya milimetero, gusubiramo cyane |
Guhuza bike, bikora mubitangazamakuru bigoye |
Igiciro kinini, gishobora gusaba kwishyiriraho ubuhanga |
Imyitwarire / Paddle Urwego Guhindura |
Kwihanganirana kwinshi (cm +) kumazi cyangwa ibintu bikomeye |
Gukomera kubintu bikomeye cyangwa byinshi |
Hasi neza, byinshi biterwa nibitangazamakuru |
3. Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumyizerere yo kurwego
Nta rwego rwohindura rukora mu bwigunge; ibintu byinshi bifatika bigira ingaruka kuburyo bizaba mubikorwa. Gusobanukirwa no kugenzura ibi bintu nibyingenzi kugirango ugere kubikorwa ukeneye.
3.1 Ibintu bifitanye isano no kwishyiriraho
Umwanya wo kuzamuka : Ese guhinduranya kuruhande, hejuru-hejuru, kugoramye? Gutandukana kwicyerekezo cyiza bihindura imikorere-ingingo.
Tank geometrie n'imiterere : Hasi hahanamye, imiyoboro ifunganye, imisozi itagerwaho bigira ingaruka kumazi nyayo ugereranije nokumva.
Umuvuduko wamazi, imivurungano cyangwa guhagarika umutima : Niba ubuso bwamazi bwahungabanye (imiraba, ifuro, indege) switch irashobora kubona ibikorwa bitari byo cyangwa gutinda gukora.
Gusiba no gukumira : Amagorofa arashobora gukubita inkuta cyangwa akanduzwa; vibrating probe irashobora kuburizwamo.
Kugumya neza cyangwa gukingira ibisabwa : Mubitangazamakuru bituje, iriba rihagarara rishobora guhagarika urwego kurwego rwo kumva.
3.2 Ibidukikije
Ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko : Ibi bigira ingaruka kubikoresho bya sensor, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ubwinshi bwamazi, hamwe nuburyo bwo guhinduranya.
Ibintu byamazi : Ubucucike, guhora dielectric, guhindagurika, ifuro, umwuka winjiye, ibintu byahagaritswe - byose bihindura igisubizo cya sensor cyangwa imikorere 'hejuru '.
Itangazamakuru ryangiza cyangwa rikaze : Kwambara igihe kinini cyangwa gutwikira birashobora gutesha agaciro ukuri. Igishushanyo cya Sensor kigomba guhuza itangazamakuru.
Urusaku rw'amashanyarazi / kwivanga : Kuburyo bwa elegitoronike, urusaku rushobora gutera ibimenyetso bitari byo cyangwa guhisha urwego nyarwo.
Kunyeganyega kwa mashini cyangwa guhungabana : Amagorofa cyangwa guhuza imashini birashobora guhinduka, gutesha agaciro cyangwa gukora nabi.
3.3 Igishushanyo mbonera cya Sensor
Ibikoresho byubwubatsi : Ingano yubwato / ibikoresho bigira ingaruka kuri buoyancy, drift; iperereza rigomba kurwanya ikosa, gutwikira, kwangirika.
Uburyo bwo guhinduranya : Imashini zikorana zishobora kwihanganira kuruta ibyuma bikomeye bya leta; ubwoko bwa elegitoronike bushobora gutanga ibyemezo byiza.
Calibration no kwihanganira ibisobanuro : Kwihangana byavuzwe nuwabikoze (urugero, mm 5 mm) ashyiraho urufatiro. Hatabayeho kalibrasi ikosa nyirizina rishobora kuba rinini.
Gusubiramo hamwe nukuri : Guhindura birashobora gukora muburyo bwizewe kumwanya umwe (gusubiramo) ariko birashobora guhagarikwa kuva nominal set-point (ukuri).
Hystereze na bande yapfuye : Ninini ya hystereze, niko gukora neza 'ukuri ' gushiraho-ingingo bizaba.
3.4 Calibration & Kubungabunga
Ukuri kuzagabanuka mugihe mugihe kalibrasi no kuyitaho birengagijwe. Bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi:
Shiraho urwego rwerekana kandi ugenzure ingingo zifatika zifatika buri gihe.
Sukura kandi ugenzure uburyo bwo guhinduranya ibintu, kwambara cyangwa kwangirika.
Kugenzura umusaruro w'amashanyarazi no kugereranya n'indangagaciro ziteganijwe.
Ongera uhindure niba drift iboneka cyangwa nyuma yimpinduka ziciriritse.
Bika inyandiko zerekana imikorere no gutandukana kugirango utegure kubungabunga.
3.5 Gushyira Byose hamwe
Mubidukikije byuzuye - hamwe no gushiraho neza, gutuza gutuje, itangazamakuru rihoraho, ibikoresho bikosora, hamwe na kalibrasi yigihe - urwego rwohejuru rwohejuru rushobora kwegera milimetero kurwego rwukuri. Ariko mubikorwa nyabyo byinganda cyangwa mubikorwa, mubyukuri bifatika bizaguka cyane kubera kwihanganira ibintu, gutandukana, gutandukana kwamazi hamwe nibidukikije. Kubwibyo, mugihe ugaragaza urwego ruhindura, ntugomba kureba neza nkibice bigize ibice, ariko nkibisobanuro bya sisitemu - kubara ibyo bintu byose.
4. Ibisabwa Byukuri Mubisabwa Bitandukanye
4.1 Gukurikirana ibinyabiziga bya lisansi
Mu binyabiziga bitwara ibinyabiziga cyangwa bitari mu muhanda, urwego rushobora kugenzura lisansi, amavuta cyangwa ibigega bikonje. Ibisabwa birimo: kurwanya kunyeganyega, gusiganwa ku magare, guhindagurika / guhindagurika, kwishyiriraho ibice, no kwizerwa cyane. Mubihe byinshi, switch ikoreshwa muburira aho kubara neza neza, bityo kwihanganira ukuri bishobora kuba muri milimetero mirongo. Kugirango habeho guhuza ibipimo bya peteroli, birashoboka cyane.
4.2 Ibigega byinganda na Gensets
Mu bigega bya peteroli yinganda, amazi ya genset / ibigega bya peteroli, hamwe nubwato butunganya, ibisabwa byukuri birakomeye. Kwirinda kuzura, kurinda kwiruka-gukama, no kwishyira hamwe na sisitemu zikoresha bivuze ko urwego ruhindura urwego rushobora gukenera kwihanganira cyane kandi bigasubirwamo cyane. Ibisabwa byukuri birashobora kugwa muri milimetero nkeya-cyane cyane kubitangazamakuru bihenze cyangwa amazi akomeye-umutekano. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji igezweho (capacitive cyangwa vibrating probes) irahitamo.
4.3 Ibikoresho byo murugo hamwe na tanki nto
Mubikoresho byo murugo - imashini zo kumesa, koroshya amazi, ibigega bitanga - guhinduranya urwego akenshi bikoreshwa mugucunga byoroshye ON / OFF. Ukuri gukenewe kurigereranije, wenda murutonde rwa santimetero. Kwizerwa no gukoresha neza ikiganza aho kuba ultra-tight precision. Guhindura neza kureremba kureremba akenshi birahagije hano.
4.4 Incamake: Gushiraho Ibiteganijwe Byukuri
Mugihe ugaragaza urwego ruhindura, nibyiza kubaza:
Ni ubuhe butumwa bubi bwemewe (muri mm cyangwa% by'uburebure bwa tank) kugirango inzira ikorwe neza cyangwa neza?
Ibisohoka byakoreshejwe muburyo bworoshye bwo gutabaza, cyangwa kubipima neza neza cyangwa kwikora?
Ni izihe mbogamizi z’ibidukikije, itangazamakuru cyangwa izamuka ryabaho rizatesha agaciro ukuri?
Muguhuza ibyateganijwe neza nibisabwa gusaba (kandi ukemera ko 'sisitemu ' ifatika aho kuba ikintu cyiza), urashobora guhitamo urwego ruhuza akazi rudafite amafaranga menshi.
5. Inama zo Kugwiza Urwego Guhindura Ukuri
Hitamo ikorana buhanga : Kugirango ubone neza, hitamo ibyuma bikwiranye nibidukikije n'ibidukikije.
Shyiramo witonze : Kurikiza amabwiriza yabakozwe, irinde imivurungano, kumeneka cyangwa ifuro.
Huza ibikoresho mubitangazamakuru : Menya neza imiti nubushyuhe.
Zana kwihanganira kwishyiriraho ibintu : Gupima neza ingingo-ngingo, konte yimyitwarire yimbere.
Hindura kandi ugerageze : Kugenzura ingingo zo gukora nyuma yo kwishyiriraho kandi mugihe runaka.
Komeza inyandiko : Kugenzura niba wangiritse, wambaye, na electronics.
Ganira nabatanga isoko : Tanga ibisobanuro birambuye kubisubizo byihariye.
Tegura gahunda yukuri : Reba ibintu byose bifatika-byukuri, ntabwo ari ibikoresho byihariye.
6. Umwanzuro
Ukuri kurwego rwohinduranya ruterwa nibintu byinshi byingenzi, harimo tekinoroji ya sensor , kwishyiriraho, ibiranga itangazamakuru, ibidukikije, kalibrasi, hamwe no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Mugihe ibintu byoroshye kureremba bishobora gutanga santimetero yizewe kurwego rwukuri kubikorwa byibanze, ibisubizo byambere nka capacitif, optique, cyangwa vibrasi ya probe irashobora gukora milimetero-urwego rwukuri iyo rwashizweho neza kandi rukabungabungwa. Guhitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwo guhinduranya urwego rwa progaramu yawe ni ngombwa kugirango umenye neza imikorere, waba ukurikirana ibigega bya lisansi yimodoka, ibigega byinganda, cyangwa urwego rwamazi mubikoresho byo murugo. Kugirango ugere kubikorwa bihamye kandi byiringirwa, ni ngombwa kandi gukurikiza uburyo bwiza bwo kwishyiriraho no gushyira mubikorwa igenzura risanzwe hamwe na kalibrasi. Kubucuruzi cyangwa abantu bashaka ibisubizo byabigenewe hamwe nubuyobozi bwinzobere muguhitamo, gushiraho, cyangwa guhitamo urwego rwimikorere, gufatanya numutanga wizewe nka Bluefin Sensor Technologies Limited birashobora gufasha guhuza sensor ikwiranye nibyo ukeneye neza. Ubuhanga bwabo murwego rwohejuru rwohinduranya no kureremba ibicuruzwa byemeza ko ushobora gukomeza ukuri, kwiringirwa, no gukora neza mubikorwa bitandukanye, kugabanya ingaruka no kunoza imikorere muri rusange. Kuvugana nitsinda ryabo birashobora gutanga ubufasha bwumwuga nibyifuzo byawe byihariye byo gukurikirana urwego rwamazi.
7. Ibibazo
Q1: Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo gutandukanya ubwoko butandukanye bwo guhinduranya?
Amazi areremba: mm kugeza kuri cm bitewe nugushiraho.
Ubushobozi / optique / kunyeganyega: milimetero-urwego mubihe bigenzurwa.
Q2: Nigute kwishyiriraho bigira ingaruka kumurongo wukuri?
Gushiraho bidakwiye, imivurungano, kutagaragara neza cyangwa guhagarika amazi bigabanya ukuri.
Q3: Guhindura urwego birashobora kugumana ubunyangamugayo mumazi atoroshye nk'ifuro cyangwa isuka?
Nibyo, niba ikoranabuhanga ryukuri (kunyeganyega cyangwa optique) no kwishyiriraho (gukingira, guceceka neza).
Q4: Ni kangahe guhinduranya urwego bigomba guhinduka?
Calibration iterwa no gusaba; sisitemu yinganda irashobora gukenera igice cyumwaka kugenzura, sisitemu yoroshye gake cyane.
Q5: Kuki guhitamo uruganda rwo mu rwego rwo hejuru ari ngombwa?
Uruganda rusobanura kwihanganira, ubwiza bwibintu, kandi rushobora gutanga ibisubizo bihuye nibidukikije, byemeza imikorere yizewe kandi yizewe.
